Anales de la RANM

248 A N A L E S R A N M R E V I S T A F U N D A D A E N 1 8 7 9 EL EFECTO DE LA PANDEMIA POR COVID-19 EN LOS PAÍSES DE INGRESOS MEDIOS Y BAJOS Jorge Alvar Ezquerra An RANM · Año 2020 · número 137 (02) · páginas 239 a 249 Los PIMB tienen una larga tradición en la gestión de otras crisis sanitarias en colaboración con los organismos internacionales y ONGs. Socialmente están muy concienciados en los temas concernientes a la salud por lo que los ciudadanos son muy colabo- radores. Si se tiene en cuenta que uno de los pilares en la lucha contra las enfermedades es la participación comunitaria, la ciudadanía y los escolares deben jugar un papel esencial para pasar los mensajes correctos en el control de esta pandemia y mitigar indirecta- mente los efectos nocivos de la infodemia. El autor agradece la información y comentarios muy valiosos proporcionado por las Dras. Carolina Jiménez y María José Sagrado, de Médicos Sin Fronteras. 1. World Bank. 2020. Global Economic Prospects, June 2020. Washington, DC:World Bank. DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1553-9. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO 2. von Braun J, Zamagni S, Sánchez Sorondo M. The moment to see the poor. Science 2020; 368 (6488):214 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc2255 3. United Nations. The millennium development goals report 2015. http://www.un.org/millen- niumgoals/2015_MDG_Report/pdf/MDG%20 2015%20rev%20(July%201).pdf 4. Agencia AFP. La mitad de habitantes de barriadas de Bombay, en India, tuvieron coronavirus. El Co- mercio, 28 de julio de 2020 5. Livadiotis G. Statistical analysis of the impact of environmental temperature on the exponen- tial growth rate of cases infected by COVID-19. PLoS ONE 2020 15(5): e0233875. https://doi. org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233875 6. Martinez-Alvarez M, Jarde A, Usuf E et al. CO- VID-19 pandemic in west Africa. Lancet Glob Health 2020 May;8(5):e631-e632. doi: 10.1016/ S2214-109X(20)30123-6. Epub 2020 Apr 1 7. Nair H, Brooks WA, Katz M, et al. Global burden of respiratory infections due to seasonal influenza in young children: a systematic review and meta- analysis. Lancet. November 11, 2011 DOI :https:// doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61051-9 8. Africa CDC, African Union Commission. Africa Joint Continental Strategy for COVID-19 OUT- BREAK ; 2020 9. Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND). FIND evaluation update: SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays 2020. https://www.finddx.org/co- vid-19/sarscov2-eval-immuno/ (accessed June 29, 2020) 10. Whitman JD, Hiatt J, Mowery CT et al. Test per- formance evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 serological assays. Br Med J medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi. org/10.1101/2020.04.25.20074856 . May 17, 2020 11. MSF EpiSitrep on Covid 19 epidemic, Week 18- 2000 Report 12. Huang AT, García-Carreras B, Hitchings MDT et al. A systematic review of antibody mediated im- munity to coronaviruses: antibody kinetics, co- rrelates of protection, and association of antibody responses with severity of disease. Br Med J https:// www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.14.200 65771v1 13. Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Netea MG, Rovina N et al. Complex Immune Dysregulation in CO- VID-19 Patients with Severe Respiratory Failure. Cell Host Microbe, 2020, 27, 992–1000, https://doi. org/10.1016/j.chom.2020.04.009 14. https: //gtexportal.org/home/gene 15. https://www.isciii.es/QueHacemos/Servicios/Vigi- lanciaSaludPublicaRENAVE/EnfermedadesTrans- misibles/Documents/INFORMES/Informes%20 COVID-19/Informe%20n%c2%ba%2028.%20 Situaci%c3%b3n%20de%20COVID-19%20en%20 Espa%c3%b1a%20a%2004%20de%20mayo%20 de%202020.pdf 16. Economic Commission for Africa, United Nations. COVID-19 in Africa: Protecting Lives and Econo- mies. April, 2020 17. Kandel N, Chungong S, Omaar A, Xing J. Health security capacities in the context of COVID-19 outbreak: an analysis of International Health Re- gulations annual report data from 182 countries. Lancet 2020; 395: 1047–1053 18. https://www.mscbs.gob.es/profesionales/saludPu- blica/ccayes/alertasActual/nCov-China/documen- tos/ITCoronavirus.pdf 19. Chu DK, Akl EA, Duda S, Solo K, Yaacoub S, Schünemann HJ and the SURGE. Physical distan- cing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta- analysis Lancet 2020; 395: 1973–1987 20. Universidad de Antioquia. Intervenciones no-far- macéuticas para la contención, mitigación y supre- sión de la infección por COVID-19, 28 marzo 2020 21. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet. February 26, 2020 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140- 6736(20)30460-8 22. Baral SD, Mishra S. Diouf D, Phanuphak N, Dowdy D. The public health response to COVID-19: ba- lancing precaution and unintended consequences. Ann Epidemiol. 2020; 46: 12-13 23. Stop TB Partnership (2020) We did a rapid as- sessment: The TB response is heavily impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Available at: http:// stoptb.org/news/stories/2020/ns20_014.html 24. Jewell BL, Mudimu E, Stover J, et al. Potential effects of disruption to HIV programmes in sub-Saharan Africa caused by COVID-19: results from multi- ple mathematical models. Lancet HIV 2020; Aug 6. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S2352-3018(20)30211-3 25. Sherrard-Smith, E., Hogan, A.B., Hamlet, A. et al. The potential public health consequences of COVID-19 on malaria in Africa. Nat Med. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-1025-y 26. Roberton T, Carter ED, Chou VB et al. Early es- timates of the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child mortality in low- AGRADECIMIENTOS BIBLIOGRAFÍA