Anales de la RANM

131 A N A L E S R A N M R E V I S T A F U N D A D A E N 1 8 7 9 NEUROTHERAPEUTICS FOR ADHD Katya Rubia An RANM. 2021;138(02): 124 - 131 31. Marx A-M, Ehlis A-C, Furdea A, et al. Near-in- frared spectroscopy (NIRS) neurofeedback as a treatment for children with attention deficit hy- peractivity disorder (ADHD)-a pilot study. Front Hum Neurosci. 2014; 8: 1038. 32. Demirtas-Tatlidede A, Vahabzadeh-Hagh AM, Pascual-Leone A. Can noninvasive brain stimula- tion enhance cognition in neuropsychiatric disor- ders? Neuropharmacology. 2013; 64: 566-578. 33. Westwood SJ, Radua J, Rubia K. Non-invasive bra- in stimulation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2021; 46(1): E14-E33. 34. Bloch Y. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as a treatment in ADHD. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci. 2012; 49(1): 18. 35. Weaver L, Rostain AL, Mace W, Akhtar U, Moss E, O'Reardon JP. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (tms) in the treatment of attention-deficit/hype- ractivity disorder in adolescents and young adults a pilot study. J ECT. 2012; 28(2): 98-103. 36. Paz Y, Friedwald K, Levkovitz Y, et al. Randomised sham-controlled study of high-frequency bilateral deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) to treat adult attention hyperactive disorder (ADHD): negative results. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2017; 31: 1-6. 37. Alyagon U, Shahar H, Hadar A, et al. Alleviation of ADHD symptoms by non-invasive right pre- frontal stimulation is correlated with EEG activity. Neuroimage Clin. 2020; 26: 102206. 38. Gómez L, Vidal B, Morales L, et al. Low frequency re- petitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: prelimi- nary results. Brain Stimul. 2014; 7(5): 760-762. 39. Cao P, Xing J, Cao Y, et al. Clinical effects of repe- titive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with atomoxetine in the treatment of attention- deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2018; 14: 3231-3240. 40. Cachoeira CT, Leffa DT, Mittelstadt SD, et al. Posi- tive effects of transcranial direct current stimula- tion in adult patients with attention-deficit/hype- ractivity disorder: a pilot randomized controlled study. Psychiat Res. 2017; 247: 28-32. 41. Sotnikova A, Soff C, Tagliazucchi E, Becker K, Siniatchkin M. Transcranial direct current stimu- lation modulates neuronal networks in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Brain Topogr. 2017; 30(5): 656-672. 42. Berger I, Dakwar-Kawar O, Grossman ES, Nahum M, Cohen Kadosh R. Scaffolding the attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder brain using transcra- nial direct current and random noise stimulation: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical Neurophy- siology: Official Journal of the International Fede- ration of Clin Neurophysiol. 2021; 132(3): 699-707. 43. Westwood SJ, Criaud M, Lam S-L, et al. Trans- cranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) com- bined with cognitive training in adolescent boys with ADHD: a double-blind, randomised, sham- controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 2021. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.07.20245456 44. Salehinejad MA, Wischnewski M, Nejati V, Vica- rio CM, Nitsche MA. Transcranial direct current stimulation in attention-deficit hyperactivity di- sorder: a meta-analysis of neuropsychological de- ficits. PLoS One. 2019; 14(4): e0215095. 45. Shiozawa P, Silva ME, Carvalho TC, Cordeiro Q, Brunoni AR, Fregni F. Transcutaneous vagus and trigeminal nerve stimulation for neuropsychiatric disorders: a systematic review. Arq Neuro-Psi- quiat. 2014; 72(7): 542-547. 46. McGough, J.J.; Loo, S.K.; Sturm, A.; Cowen, J.; Leuchter, A.F.; Cook, I.A. An eight-week, open- trial, pilot feasibility study of trigeminal nerve stimulation in youth with attention-deficit/hype- ractivity disorder. Brain Stimul 2015, 8, 299-304, doi:10.1016/j.brs.2014.11.013. 47. McGough, J.J.; Sturm, A.; Cowen, J.; Tung, K.; Sal- gari, G.C.; Leuchter, A.F.; Cook, I.A.; Sugar, C.A.; Loo, S.K. Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled, Pilot Study of Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation for Atten- tion-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019, 58, 403-411.e403. KR has received a grant from Takeda pharmaceuticals for other projects and consultancy fees from Lundbeck pharmaceuticals. KR has been supported by the Medical Research Council (MRC) (MR/P012647/1); Action Medical Research (AMR; GN2426); the Garfield Weston Foundation for Medical Research; and the UK Department of Health via the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) for Mental Health at South London and the Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. The author of this article declares not to have any type of conflict of interest with respect to what is stated in this work. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CONFLIC T OF INTEREST STATEMENT If you want to quote our article: Rubia K. Neuroimaging and Neurotherapeutics for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). An RANM. 2021;138(02): 124– 131. DOI: 10.32440/ar.2021.138.02. rev02